Konstfiber
In addition to cellulose, the fibers may also contain hemicellulose and lignin , with different percentages of these components altering the mechanical properties of the fibers. The main applications of cellulose fibers are in the textile industry, as chemical filters, and as fiber-reinforcement composites, [ 2 ] due to their similar properties to engineered fibers, being another option for biocomposites and polymer composites.
Cellulose was discovered in by the French chemist Anselme Payen , who isolated it from plant matter and determined its chemical formula. Production of rayon "artificial silk" from cellulose began in the s, and cellophane was invented in In , Arthur D. Little of Boston, invented yet another cellulosic product, acetate, and developed it as a film. The first commercial textile uses for acetate in fiber form were developed by the Celanese Company in Hermann Staudinger determined the polymer structure of cellulose in The compound was first chemically synthesized without the use of any biologically derived enzymes in , by Kobayashi and Shoda.
Cellulose is a polymer made of repeating glucose molecules attached end to end.
Konstfiber
Cellulose is similar in form to complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen. These polysaccharides are also made from multiple subunits of glucose. The difference between cellulose and other complex carbohydrate molecules is how the glucose molecules are linked together. In addition, cellulose is a straight chain polymer, and each cellulose molecule is long and rod-like.
This differs from starch, which is a coiled molecule. A result of these differences in structure is that, compared to starch and other carbohydrates, cellulose cannot be broken down into its glucose subunits by any enzymes produced by animals. Natural cellulose fibers are still recognizable as being from a part of the original plant because they are only processed as much as needed to clean the fibers for use.
Linen fibers look like the strong fibrous strands of the flax plant.
What is the translation of "konstfiber" in English?
All "natural" fibers go through a process where they are separated from the parts of the plant that are not used for the end product, usually through harvesting , separating from chaff , scouring , etc. The presence of linear chains of thousands of glucose units linked together allows a great deal of hydrogen bonding between OH groups on adjacent chains, causing them to pack closely into cellulose fibers.
As a result, cellulose exhibits little interaction with water or any other solvent.
Cotton and wood, for example, are completely insoluble in water and have considerable mechanical strength. Since cellulose does not have a helical structure like amylose, it does not bind to iodine to form a colored product. Manufactured cellulose fibers come from plants that are processed into a pulp and then extruded in the same ways that synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon are made.
Rayon or viscose is one of the most common "manufactured" cellulose fibers, and it can be made from wood pulp.
konstfiber in English - Swedish-English Dictionary: Glosbe
Natural fibers are composed by microfibrils of cellulose in a matrix of hemicellulose and lignin. This type of structure and the chemical composition of them is responsible for the mechanical properties that can be observed. Because the natural fibers make hydrogen bonds between the long chains, they have the necessary stiffness and strength. The major constituents of natural fibers lignocelluloses are cellulose, hemicellulose , lignin , pectin and ash.
KONSTFIBER - Translation in English
The properties of the fiber change depending on the amount of each component, since the hemicellulose is responsible for the moisture absorption, bio- and thermal degradation whereas lignin ensures thermal stability but is responsible for the UV degradation. The chemical composition of common natural fibers are shown below; [ 5 ] these vary depending on whether the fiber is a bast fiber obtained from the bark , a core fiber obtained from the wood , or a leaf fiber obtained from the leaves.
Cellulose fiber response to mechanical stresses change depending on fiber type and chemical structure present. Information about main mechanical properties are shown in the chart below and can be compared to properties of commonly used fibers such glass fiber , aramid fiber , and carbon fiber. Hydrophilicity, roughness and surface charge determine the interaction of cellulose fibers with an aqueous environment.
Already in , the charge at the interface between cotton as the predominant cellulose fiber and an aqueous surrounding was investigated by the streaming potential method to assess the surface zeta potential.